News
Open-source language AI challenges big tech’s models
An international team of around 1,000 largely academic volunteers has tried to break big tech’s stranglehold on natural-language processing and reduce its harms. Trained with US$7-million-worth of publicly funded computing time, the BLOOM language model will rival in scale those made by firms Google and OpenAI, but will be open-source. BLOOM will also be the first model of its scale to be multilingual.
The collaboration, called BigScience, launched an early version of the model on 17 June, and hopes that it will ultimately help to reduce harmful outputs of artificial intelligence (AI) language systems. Models that recognize and generate language are increasingly used by big tech firms in applications from chat bots to translators, and can sound so eerily human that a Google engineer this month claimed that the firm’s AI model was sentient (Google strongly denies that the AI possesses sentience). But such models also suffer from serious practical and ethical flaws, such as parroting human biases. These are difficult to tackle because the inner workings of most such models are closed to researchers.
As well being a tool to explore AI, BLOOM will be open for a range of research uses, such as extracting information from historical texts and making classifications in biology. “We think that access to the model is an essential step to do responsible machine learning,” says Thomas Wolf, co-founder of Hugging Face, a company that hosts an open-source platform for AI models and data sets, and has helped to spearhead the initiative.
“It was long overdue that this technology diffused into the open-source world, and this is quite an interesting way for it to have happened,” says Connor Leahy, co-founder of EleutherAI, which is creating its own open-source large language model in English and was not involved in the project.
Learning machines
Large language models are algorithms that learn statistical associations between billions of words and phrases to perform tasks such as generating summaries, translating, answering questions and classifying text. Built using brain-inspired architectures known as neural networks, the models train through adjusting values, called parameters, by blanking out words and comparing their predictions with reality. BLOOM has 176 billion parameters, on a par with GPT-3, one of the best-known such models, which was created by the non-profit firm OpenAI and licensed by Microsoft.
Although such models are sometimes impressive — generating poetry or correctly answering trivia questions — they have no sense of the meaning of language, which causes them to also create gibberish. More worryingly, they can also promote abuse or self-harm, and echo existing racist or sexist associations that are sewn throughout the human-written text they learn on, such as linking ‘Islam’ with terrorism. The models generally cost millions of dollars to train and have an enormous carbon footprint (BigScience eventually plans to reveal its carbon emissions).
Whereas most natural-language models are built by small in-house teams, BLOOM was the work of hundreds of researchers — mostly academics — including ethicists, legal scholars and philosophers, but also some employees from Facebook and Google, working in a personal capacity. To train BLOOM, BigScience was granted free access to France’s national Jean Zay supercomputer facility outside Paris. The model is currently in the last few weeks of its three-month training period.
Hand-picked text
Models are only as good as the data sets they are based on, so a major task was selecting what texts the model should learn from, says Yacine Jernite, a machine-learning researcher at Hugging Face. Most major models rip language directly from the web, including sites such as Reddit. Instead, the BigScience researchers hand-picked nearly two-thirds of their 341-billion-word data set from 500 sources. Among them was Semantic Scholar, an AI-backed search engine for academic publications that also includes content such as Nature news articles. The sources were suggested during a series of workshops, including with community groups, such as the African natural-language-processing community Masakhane, LatinX in AI and Machine Learning Tokyo. “We wanted to make sure people with proximity to the data, their country, the language they speak, had a hand in choosing what language came into the model’s training,” says Jernite.
To make full use of the computing power available, the team topped up the data trove using a multilingual web crawl, filtered for quality and with some redaction for privacy. The collaboration also attempted to reduce the usual over-representation of porn sites (which can lead to sexist associations in the model) but without excluding keywords that would remove content associated with frank discussion of sexuality in often under-represented communities.
Jernite acknowledges that BLOOM will not be free of biases. But by providing it with multicultural and high-quality sources, the team hopes to improve on existing models. Crucially, because the code and data set behind the model are open, researchers can try to understand the roots of harmful behaviours, which could improve future iterations, says Wolf.
Evaluation of the model will also differ from the usual benchmarks, says Ellie Pavlick, a natural-language-learning researcher at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. As well as comparing BLOOM against other models in its abilities to, for example, answer questions, researchers also want to look at more diverse metrics, such as how strongly it makes certain stereotyped associations or how biased its abilities are towards a specific language. Pavlick hopes that because the model has been trained to be multilingual, it might have a deeper understanding of language, which could help in its ability to generalize to a diversity of tasks.
Leahy predicts that the model might perform slightly worse than other large models in English, given its smaller data set in the language, but that should be balanced by markedly better performance elsewhere.
Free to use
The fully trained BLOOM model will be available to download for researchers who want to experiment with it or train it on new data for specific applications. But downloading it and running it requires significant hardware capacity. Because that’s available to so few research teams, BigScience will also publish smaller, less hardware-intensive versions as well as create a distributed system that allows labs to share the model across their servers. In addition, Hugging Face will release a web application that will enable anyone to query BLOOM without downloading it. A similar application will be available for the early release later this week.
BLOOM could find uses in research outside AI. Francesco de Toni, a linguist at the University of Western Australia in Perth, jointly leads a BigScience working group that is looking at using models to extract information from collections of historical texts that are too large to go through by hand. Models can, for example, extract all the names or goods mentioned in a collection of letters by Renaissance merchants — information that would be impossible to find using a search engine.
BLOOM comes with documentation that outlines its capabilities and limitations. Using it also requires signing up to an evolving legal licence that commits researchers to not use the model for malicious or inappropriate ends, such as generating fake news. The collaboration will monitor how the model is applied and adjust the license and documentation as necessary, says Giada Pistilli, an ethicist at Hugging Face and philosopher at the Sorbonne University in Paris who co-chaired BigScience’s ethical and legal working group. “It’s really hard to imagine and predict all the uses,” she says.
A night cloaked deck carries an enigmatic allure, a veil of mystery draped over its wooden expanse. As shadows dance and moonlight cascades, it transforms into an ethereal stage for solitude, contemplation, or revelry. Delving into the secrets and stories concealed within this nocturnal realm unveils an intriguing journey.
Introduction
The night cloaked deck beckons, shrouded in darkness, yet holding a unique charm. Each step across its boards whispers tales of mystique, inviting exploration into its nuanced beauty. Let’s embark on a guided tour through this intriguing domain.
Night Cloaked Charm
The night cloaked deck, an extension of the home, possesses a unique allure. Its charm lies in the interplay of darkness and subtle illumination, creating an ambiance unlike any other. Imagine the quietude enveloping this space, offering solace and a canvas for myriad emotions.
Moonlit Serenity
Under the soft glow of moonlight, the deck transforms into a sanctuary of serenity. Its wooden slats, bathed in silver hues, create an enchanting environment for relaxation or intimate conversations. Embracing the tranquility of these moments becomes a captivating experience.
Ambient Delights
The night cloaked deck amplifies the sensory experience, engaging not just sight but also sound and smell. The rustle of leaves, the gentle breeze, and the scent of nighttime blooms contribute to a symphony of nature, enhancing the ambiance.
Mysterious Encounters
Occasionally, the night cloaked deck becomes a stage for inexplicable occurrences. From rustling unseen presences to the flicker of distant lights, inexplicable encounters add to its mystique, leaving occupants in awe of the unknown.
Haunting Inspirations
The obscurity of the night invites contemplation and sparks creativity. Writers find inspiration, artists capture ethereal scenes, and dreamers weave tales under the night’s shroud, drawing from the mysterious allure of the deck.
Nocturnal Reflections
As nightfall descends, the deck becomes a mirror to one’s thoughts and emotions. It’s a space for introspection, where the silence echoes personal reflections, fostering a deeper connection with oneself and the surrounding world.
Ethereal Connections
The night cloaked deck serves as a bridge between the earthly and celestial realms. Stargazers find solace in celestial observations, connecting with the cosmos while grounded on this earthly platform, blurring the boundaries between the mundane and the divine.
Whispering Shadows
Shadows cast by the night cloak hold their own secrets, dancing to the rhythm of the night. Their movements create an ever-shifting landscape, enticing occupants to interpret and derive meaning from their elusive whispers.
Cosmic Conversations
Engaging in conversations on the night cloaked deck feels otherworldly. Discussions under the vast expanse of the night sky infuse a sense of profundity, fostering dialogues that transcend the ordinary, tapping into deeper realms of thought.
Midnight Revelations
In the midnight hours, the deck becomes a confidant, witnessing personal revelations and epiphanies. It’s a space where individuals confront their truths, finding solace in the silent embrace of the night.
Unveiling the Night Cloaked Deck
At first glance, the Night Cloaked Deck appears as a symphony of darkness woven into each card. However, beneath this mysterious facade lies a rich tapestry of symbolism and storytelling. Each card whispers tales of ancient wisdom, drawing inspiration from esoteric knowledge and mythological narratives.
The Intriguing Origins
Understanding the Night Cloaked Deck requires delving into its origins. Legends trace its genesis to clandestine circles of mystics in medieval Europe. It is said that these cards were crafted by secretive artisans who infused them with hidden meanings, often serving as a conduit for divination and introspection.
Decoding the Symbolism
The Moonlit Arcana: The Night Cloaked Deck’s symbolism thrives in the shadows. The moonlit arcana carries the essence of the deck, depicting celestial bodies, nocturnal creatures, and veiled figures. Each card whispers ancient wisdom, offering insights into the unknown realms of the subconscious.
Esoteric Encryptions:
Encoded within the intricate designs are esoteric encryptions, a cipher that reveals itself to the initiated. Symbols intertwine, forming a language that transcends the ordinary, inviting the seeker to unravel profound truths hidden within.
The Allure of Interpretation
Interpreting the Night Cloaked Deck transcends mere divination; it’s an art form that requires intuition and understanding. Each draw tells a unique story, a narrative shaped by the symbiotic dance between the seeker’s energy and the cards’ enigmatic messages.
The Unraveling of Mystery
Unveiling the secrets of the Night Cloaked Deck requires patience, reverence, and a willingness to embrace the unknown. Its enigma beckons those who dare to embark on a journey of self-discovery and introspection.
Embracing the Night Cloaked Wisdom
In a world often cloaked in the mundane, the Night Cloaked Deck emerges as a beacon of mystery and enlightenment. Embrace its whispers, decode its symbolism, and unravel the profound mysteries it holds within.
Journey into the Shadows
The Night Cloaked Deck isn’t just a collection of cards; it’s a gateway to a realm where mystery and wisdom converge. Each shuffle, each draw, is an invitation to embark on a transformative journey, guiding seekers through the labyrinth of the subconscious.
The Final Revelation
In a universe brimming with enigmas, the Night Cloaked Deck stands as a testament to the eternal pursuit of knowledge and enlightenment. Its cryptic allure remains an eternal beacon, guiding those who seek to navigate the shadows and embrace the profound revelations within.
FAQs
- Is a night cloaked deck suitable for all weather conditions? Yes, but regular maintenance is crucial to withstand different weather elements.
- How can I enhance the ambiance of my night cloaked deck? Adding soft lighting, comfortable seating, and potted plants can elevate its charm.
- Are there safety measures to consider for a night cloaked deck? Ensuring sturdy construction, proper railing, and adequate lighting are essential for safety.
- Can a night cloaked deck affect property value? A well-designed and maintained deck can potentially increase property value.
- What materials are ideal for a night cloaked deck? Durable wood, composite materials, or treated lumber are commonly used for decks.
- How can I protect my night cloaked deck from environmental damage? Regular cleaning, sealing, and timely repairs help protect the deck from wear and tear.
- Is it advisable to use the night cloaked deck during extreme weather conditions? It’s safer to avoid the deck during severe weather conditions to prevent accidents.
- Can I personalize my night cloaked deck? Yes, adding personal touches like decor, furniture, and color schemes can personalize the space.
- Does the size of the deck impact its overall allure? While size matters, optimizing the space and its functionality play a significant role in its appeal.
- How do I maintain the tranquility of the night cloaked deck? Regular upkeep, minimizing clutter, and creating a serene atmosphere contribute to maintaining its tranquility.
Conclusion
A night cloaked deck embodies an otherworldly charm, weaving together elements of mystery, tranquility, and inspiration. As it stands silently under the cover of night, it offers a canvas for personal introspection, creative pursuits, and serene moments, becoming a cherished sanctuary within one’s home.
The allure of this nocturnal domain lies not just in its physical presence but in the stories, inspirations, and connections it fosters, making it an integral part of life’s journey under the night sky.
Holidays offer an excellent opportunity to unwind and connect with family and friends. While high-end hotels sometimes feel impersonal, a luxury cottage rental can provide a more authentic and comfortable experience.
Plenty of lavish cottages are available for rent, but weighing various aspects before settling on the ideal one for your getaway is essential. This guide is tailored for beginners looking to spend their holiday in a luxurious cottage.
1. Check Legal Complications
When selecting a luxury cottage, examining its legal aspects is crucial. Many luxury cottages offered for rental have a lease or rental agreement with a set time limit, which safeguards both parties. If you plan on renting a luxury cottage, it’s essential to have this agreement reviewed and validated by a qualified attorney before signing it.
Within the rental agreement, check for details such as the names and addresses of the parties involved, the monetary amount, and the duration of the lease. Pay close attention to the specific time frame the agreement is valid.
2. Ask for Specifics ASAP
Once you’ve assembled a list of potential luxury cottages cornwall, initiating communication with the property owners is essential for a hassle-free booking experience. Start by sending inquiries and being candid about your questions, apprehensions, and expectations. Receiving a similar level of openness from the owner is key to creating a mutual understanding.
Inquire about amenities, house rules, guest capacity, and other pertinent details. This will help dispel any uncertainties and supply crucial information before you confirm your reservation. Clear communication and shared comprehension with the property owner is vital for a smooth luxury cottage vacation.
3. Consider the Location
When an oceanfront vista is a non-negotiable requirement, and the property listing explicitly indicates its location is several blocks from the shore, it’s best not to reserve that particular accommodation.
Similarly, if you desire to be close to a bar, but the property is in a rural area many miles away, you can’t later complain if it’s as described. Don’t assume that something will be available unless it is specifically listed in the description. For instance, parking space is often essential for guests, but unless mentioned in the listing, don’t assume a private parking spot will be offered.
4. Security-related Issues
Take note of all possible entry and exit points, and if necessary, ask the landlord to secure certain areas and provide you with shared locks. Ensure that no duplicate keys are available without you knowing about them.
5. Book in Advance
Luxury cottages often fill up a year in advance due to returning guests. Start your search as early as possible to secure your preferred dates and location, especially if you have limited flexibility.
Once you’ve found the ideal rental property, familiarize yourself with cancellation policies, pet guidelines, check-in/check-out times, and any additional fees before booking. Using a specialized service, you can typically reserve a cottage online. Remember that prices for high-demand periods tend to increase as the dates approach.
6. Look at Reviews
Reviewing past guests can offer a good idea of what to expect during your stay. However, one or two high ratings should not deter you as it indicates honest feedback. Multiple negative reviews, particularly mentioning issues with cleanliness or a discrepancy between the description and actual rental, should raise a red flag.
Checking the rental’s social media accounts is a smart move to gain an understanding of the owner as well as read comments from past guests.
Holidays Are Better When Renting a Luxury Cottage
Renting a luxury cottage is often more enjoyable than reserving a hotel room. A luxury cottage has essential amenities, including well-equipped kitchens, to ensure a cozy stay. This alternative presents greater convenience and practicality than a traditional hotel room.
References
https://cottagelife.com/realestate/first-timers-guide-to-renting-a-cottage/
Purchasing a caravan home opens up many possibilities, such as road trips and going to many new places. However, since you are purchasing a caravan for the first time, it can be tedious. Also, you might be worried that the caravan you might end up with won’t meet your standards. In this article, you’ll learn how to purchase your first caravan and ensure it’s the one that meets your criteria.
What to Determine in Buying Your First Caravan?
It can be easy to get carried away in your desire to go out on a road trip in a caravan. But you’ll need to control those urges first because you’ll need to consider some factors before purchasing a caravan for your camping or road trip. Here are the determiners in buying your first caravan:
Do A Little Research First
Researching new and used caravan online dealers will help you narrow down your options for a caravan. Check the reviews of their previous customers as it should tip whether the dealers you will meet are legit or not worth your time and money.
An alternative method here is to be on the lookout for announcements about caravan and motorhome shows near you. These events can help you find the ideal caravan.
Have A Set Budget
To further narrow down your options in buying a caravan, you will need to come up with a rough estimate of how much you are willing to spend for a caravan. Invest in additional expenses such as repairs and peripherals, and give your caravan insurance. Make sure that the expenses are within the boundaries of your budget.
Here’s a little tip, some caravans are sold alongside their many amenities. If you’ve managed to stumble upon one – you might want to purchase it since all of the features you wanted in your caravan are already there. No more additional expenses to buy them yourself. However, you’d want to check whether the caravan’s dealer has a positive reputation.
Factor in The Size and The Towing Weight
Knowing the weight of your car is the next factor in purchasing a caravan, as it will be the one pulling the caravan. You must identify your car’s gross vehicle weight (GVM) or maximum authorized mass (MAM), expressed in kilograms, to see the type of caravans it can tow along the road.
By determining the maximum weight your car can take, you can determine what size of caravan you will need.
Take A Look at The Caravans
Once you’ve settled on a budget, know how much weight your car can pull, and researched the dealers near you, it’s time to visit and see the caravans in person. Look for caravans that are of high quality yet reasonably priced.
Check every corner of the caravan that you intend to purchase. Make sure that everything inside the caravan is working as intended. No faulty power systems, the engine’s well-maintained, and no sign of dampness inside.
Scrutinizing every corner of the caravan is crucial, especially if you’re purchasing a second-hand caravan. As said, ensure everything works properly because faulty power and gas leaks can pose a serious problem during your road trip.
Buy A Caravan For Your Dream Road Trip!
Now that you’ve learned how to purchase your first Caravan, you’d want to follow these steps for a worthwhile purchase. To recap, know your dealers, factor in your car’s pull weight, determine your budget, and check the caravan you intend to buy. Once you’ve finally purchased the caravan you’ve wanted, you’re all set to hit the road and camp somewhere with friends or family.
References:
https://www.camplify.co.uk/blog/first-time-caravan-buyers-guide
https://www.ripeinsurance.co.uk/the-juice/buying-a-caravan-for-the-first-time/
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